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W33-W83

Agriculture
Canada

HISTORICAL SERIES No. 17, available from

Director

Research Station

Research Branch, Agriculture Canada

P.O. Box 186

Delhi, Ontario

N4B 2W9

Aerial view of Delhi Research Station

E. K. Walker

Research Branch
Agriculture Canada

Historical Series No. 17
1983

Contents

Preface, 3

Foreword, 3

Chapter 1

Founding of the Delhi Tobacco Substation, 4

Chapter 2

Early years 1933-1945, 5

Chapter 3

Postwar years 1946-1961. 10

Chapter 4

Delhi Research Station 1962-1982, 17

Appendix, 30

Preface

Foreword

Preparation of this history was some-
what easier than I had anticipated, princi-
pally because of records maintained on
personnel changes, on additions or mod-
ifications to the physical facilities, and on
research programs and results both as a
substation of Harrow before 1962 and as
an experimental farm and research station
thereafter.

Former Directors Dr. Ford Stinson and
Mr. Lea Vickery were most helpful in pro-
viding certain information pertaining to all
except recent phases of the history. Cur-
rent staff members have also been very
supportive and helpful with suggestions
and photographs. I am grateful also for
certain photographs supplied by Delhi
News Record, Harrow Research Station,
Dr. Radhey Pandeya of the Delhi Re-
search Station staff, and Communications
Branch in Ottawa.

The history emphasizes the sequence of
research programs initiated to solve in-
dustry problems, the extent of involvement
directly with the industry in extension-type
activities, changes in the physical facilities,
and the personnel responsible for making
the station the center of flue-cured tobacco
research in Canada and one of the princi-
pal tobacco research centers in the world.

E. K. Walker
Delhi, Ont.
March 1983

The year 1983 marks the 50th an-
niversary of the Agriculture Canada
Research Station at Delhi, Ontario. The
station, founded in 1933 as a substation of
Harrow Research Station, was devoted
exclusively to production research on flue-
cured tobacco in the new tobacco belt
area of Norfolk and neighboring counties.
In 1962, the substation was elevated to
experimental farm status and in 1967 to
full research station status. In 1981, the
program was expanded to include new
crops.

Tremendous advances have been made
in the tobacco industry over the past 50
years and Delhi Research Station has
been at the center of it. The station enjoys
a unique and personal relationship with
tobacco growers, not only in Ontario, but
also in the Atlantic and Quebec regions,
as well as with members of all facets of
the tobacco industry.

Our 50th anniversary gives us a unique
opportunity to record the history of Delhi
Research Station and its associated im-
pact on the Canadian tobacco industry.
We were most pleased when Ken Walker
of our staff undertook this task as part of
our golden anniversary activities. Its com-
pletion is a testament to his dedicated
efforts.

We would like to thank Ken and all
those who helped by providing information
and photographs that were used in the
preparation of this account of Delhi Re-
search Station. I know it will be of interest,
not only to all who have taken part in this
great tobacco industry, but to others as
well.

K IaJoAjL jM^Qtrr^

P. Wade Johnson
Director

CHAPTER 1
Founding of the Delhi Tobacco Substation

Tobacco research in Canada was begun
by the Government of Canada in 1906
when a Tobacco Branch was formed in
Ottawa to investigate methods of improv-
ing leaf quality in order to develop the
domestic and export markets. A few years
later, the branch became the Tobacco Di-
vision of the Canada Department of Agri-
culture. In 1909. Harrow Tobacco Station,
subsequently Harrow Experimental Farm,
was founded to conduct studies with bur-
ley and flue-cured tobacco within, up until
then, the principal production area for
these types. Although burley had been
grown in extreme southwestern Ontario for
more than a century before 1909, the first
flue-cured tobacco was not grown there
until 1910. Demand was primarily for bur-
ley at this time and the first commercial
crops of flue-cured tobacco were not
grown until 1913. By 1924, less than
2830 ha were devoted to flue-cured tobac-
co as compared to 8100 ha for burley and
other air-cured types. A shift toward higher
consumption of cigarettes, which was at-
tributed to World War I, resulted in in-
creased demand for flue-cured tobacco.
This demand continued to accelerate dur-
ing the 1920s, and production began to
shift from the "old belt" in Essex and Kent
counties to the "new belt" in Norfolk and
neighboring counties.

This shift in production was partly be-
cause of insufficient production potential in
the "old belt," where available land was
being increasingly utilized for other field
and horticultural crops. At the same time,
the Norfolk sand plain, being of inherently
low fertility and ecologically more adapted
for flue-cured tobacco than for other crops,
was underutilized and the mixed farming
economy was in a relatively depressed
state. After suitability of the Norfolk sand
plain for flue-cured tobacco production was
demonstrated in the mid-1 920s by ex-
perienced tobacco growers from the USA.
comparatively rapid promotion of and de-
velopment in the area occurred. Develop-
ment was greatly enhanced by soil studies
conducted in the area by Professors
Gerald Ruhnke and Frank Morwick of the
Ontario Agricultural College (O.A.C.) in the
late 1920s and by publication of the first
soil map of the area. Because of the ex-
panded hectarage in the "new belt" and
differences in soil, climate, and tobacco-
quality factors between the two tobacco-
growing areas, it was decided to initiate
experimental work in the "new belt."

After preliminary testing and searching
for a suitable location by Herb Murwin.
Superintendent of the Harrow station, and
Prof. Ruhnke of O.A.C. a substation of the
Harrow station was founded in 1933 on
20 ha of leased land about 4 km west of
Delhi in Norfolk County to conduct re-
search on flue-cured tobacco Lloyd Has-
lam. the first Officer in Charge of the new
substation was directly responsible to the
Superintendent at Harrow for both admin-
istration and program.

G. Lloyd Haslam. Officer in Charge. 1933-1935

CHAPTER 2
Early years

1933-1945

Facilities constructed on the substation
for the first year were a two-storey pack-
barn and three curing kilns. The packbarn
(16 x 10 m) provided an office, grading
and steaming rooms, machinery storage,
and a stable for two horses on the first
floor, and tobacco storage space on the
second floor. The kilns were built for the
curing of primed tobacco: previous to this
time, much of the flue-cured tobacco was
stalk-cut for curing. The capacity of each
kiln was 900-950 laths (80 000-95 000
leaves), and each kiln was equipped with
two coal-burning furnaces and a system of
flue pipes that extended back and forth be-
low tobacco in the kiln from each furnace.
At the center rear, the pipe from each fur-
nace joined an outlet to an exterior stack
that extended above the roof. One of
these kilns is still being used, but with a
modern curing system. The original pack-
barn is also still in use, although the cur-
rent structure is much larger because of
additions. A glass sash greenhouse cover-
ing about 250 m2 was built in the winter of
1933 and used for production of substation
seedlings until 1953. The first cottage was
built in 1934 for the farm foreman, and be-
ginning in 1936 one of the rooms, which
had an outside entrance, served as the
substation office for about 16 years.

top

Two of the first four buildings on the substation.
The curing kiln in left background was one of
three such kilns. The packbarn provided an of-
fice, grading and steaming rooms, machinery
storage, and a stable for two horses on the first
floor, and tobacco storage space on the second
floor.

middle

1938

Curing kiln equipped with two coal-burning fur-
naces. A flue-pipe system, which extended from
inner end of each furnace back and forth near
floor, joined at the center rear of the kiln and
exited to an exterior stack. Coal is in fore-
ground.

bottom

Cottage built in the winter of 1934. One room
became the office in 1936 and the remainder
was living quarters for the foreman.

An implement shed and workshop was
built in 1936. with an addition in 1939 for
horses, previously housed in the packbarn.
and for storage. In 1936. as well, pari of
the packbarn was made into laboratories
Additional curing kilns were built in 1939
and 1940. and a residence for the Officer
in Charge was built in 1939. An experi-
mental kiln for curing was built in 1943 and
a shed for cattle was constructed in 1945.
The latter was built to accommodate
steers in a steer feeding-manure study: in
the one cash crop economy manure was
obtainable only from general farms and the
study was one of many attempts to diver-
sify the farm economy, provide manure,
and improve soil fertility.

The establishment at Delhi was so suc-
cessful that in 1938 the government pur-
chased the leased properly and an adjoin-
ing 20 ha.

Initial research in 1933 involved fertilizer
experiments and variety trials on 6 ha.
During this early period, studies conducted
on flue-cured tobacco at Harrow were
gradually transferred to Delhi. Bob Haslam
of the Harrow station, brother of Lloyd
Haslam. was involved with the breeding
program at the Delhi substation until 1959
In these early years, before the advent of
registered seed growers, seed for growers
was produced for sale on the substation.
After 1942. the substation produced only
foundation seed for multiplication and sale
by registered seed growers. Beginning in
1940. equipment for seed cleaning was
located on the substation for the conve-
nience of growers producing their own
seed: until that time, growers had to go to
Harrow for this purpose

Many cultural problems arose in the first
year because 1210 ha of seedlings in the
area were destroyed by sand blowing dur-
ing the transplanting period, and a late
spring frost on 14 June destroyed 200 ha
In 1933, approximately 12 160 ha (old and
new belts) were grown, with an average
yield of 1006 kg ha. This compares with
approximately 38 850 ha and 2400 kg ha
today. The vulnerability of sandy flue-cured
soils to wind erosion and drought, and of
plants to hail and late spring and early fall
frosts was soon realized. In these early
years, much of the research program of
the substation was directed toward either
maintenance or improvement of soil stabil-
ity, fertility, and organic matter content
through studies of windbreaks, crop rota-
tions, tillage, and fertilization. Detrimental
effects of drought seriously curtailed
production potential and remained un-
corrected until irrigation systems became

available in the 1950s. Other vagaries of
weather such as frost and hail remain un-
corrected to date.

Research on crop effects, short rota-
tions, cultural practices, diseases, and
fertilizer ratios commenced in 1934, and
variety trials were extended to principal
soil types in the area. Cultural practices
concerned planting distances, topping
heights, suckering, and harvesting.
Disease studies involved research on
tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in cooperation
with the Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pa-
thology, St. Catharines, Ontario. Variety
trials in 1934 included U.S. varieties,
strains from the breeding program at Har-
row, and hybrids produced at the Tobacco
Division in Ottawa. The number of plots re-
quired for the 1934 program was 650. For
comparison, there were 4600 plots for the
1981 program. Drought, hail, frost, wind,
and wireworm injury seriously affected and
delayed maturity of the 1934 crop, which
had already been reduced in hectarage
from 1933 to decrease the exportable sur-
plus. Although only 9525 tonnes of flue-
cured tobacco were produced in 1934,
amounts of only 3175 tonnes for burley
tobacco and 680 tonnes for dark tobacco
were indicative of the declining importance
of these types in total tobacco production.

Research in fertilization intensified from
1935 to 1940 with additional staff mem-
bers, but the main thrust of the program
was unchanged. Progress was curtailed
during the war years with the departure of
staff for either industry or war service, and
with shortage of labor. Availability of labor
became a critical problem for flue-cured
tobacco production from 1943 to 1945:
permits were required from the National
Selective Service for anyone to work on a
tobacco farm. The concentrated labor re-
quirements during the harvesting period
were partially met by the use of army
units. Shortage of labor was critical for all
agricultural production, and there was con-
siderable movement of people in groups to
meet emergency situations. Ford Stinson,
Officer in Charge of the substation at this
time, participated in a harvest excursion to
Alberta in September 1943 in lieu of his
annual leave, following tobacco harvest.

The only year-round employees at the
substation in 1933 were Lloyd Haslam,
Officer in Charge, and Fred Moore, farm
foreman. To stay within the budget, op-
erational staff, in addition to Mr. Moore,
were laid off each year from the end of the
stripping operation until the start of the
seedbed preparation the next year. In May
1935, Lloyd Haslam resigned to accept a

position with Imperial Tobacco Company,
and Ford Stinson, who was a student
laborer at the Harrow station in 1932 and

1933, and a research assistant there in

1934, was appointed to fill his position. For
a few months between the departure of
Lloyd Haslam and the arrival of Ford
Stinson, the program of the substation was
under the direction of Oscar Williams, Ex-
perimental Farm Assistant, from the Har-
row station.

During the depression and its aftermath
the chief restraint was financial. Within the
confines of budget, ad hoc arrangements
to expedite approved research objectives
were usually permitted if not actually en-
couraged. In practice, new staff appoint-
ments were considered virtually out of the
question. Increasing research com-
mitments were met by hiring university
graduates as casual employees on an
hourly rated basis and giving them the title
of either graduate laborer or assistant.
Summer student assistants from high
schools and universities were selected and
hired similarly. All the research personnel
at the substation during this period were in
these categories. Even Ford Stinson,
despite his position of responsibility, re-
mained as an hourly rated employee until
September 1937, when he was classified
as Experimental Farm Assistant, Grade 2.
Mr. Stinson obtained his M.S. A. from the
University of Toronto in 1938 while main-
taining full-time duties on the substation.
Other than for Ford Stinson and, after
1937, Lea Vickery, the research staff had
relatively short tenure. All such personnel,
including Messrs. Stinson and Vickery,
were either involved in or became involved
in part-time graduate studies.

This system of upgrading research skills
added flexibility by allowing a shift of focus
as needs and opportunities were encoun-
tered. For example, in 1935 Ken McPhee,
who was engaged by the chemistry de-
partment of Ontario Agricultural College
(O.A.C.) for the college year, was em-
ployed by the Tobacco Division and
seconded to the substation for the growing
season. Besides work on tracing the fate
of potassium in the soil, Mr. McPhee pre-
pared and preserved tissue samples of
tobacco on a regular schedule during each
season to provide a basis for chemical and
physiological studies by Gordon Ward,
Tobacco Division, within existing laboratory
facilities in Ottawa. Mr. McPhee returned
to the O.A.C. each fall to do laboratory
analyses, teach students, and take gradu-
ate courses. He received his M.S. A. in
1937 and was engaged by a company in
industry as a food chemist shortly thereaf-

^^B ft/'
I , ■ )

■

i /

/mm

jSSjSMl

J I

Ford A. Stinson, Officer in Charge, 1935-1949

opposite page • top

1934

Missing plants as a result of blowing sand

opposite page • middle

1939

Disking a mature crop of rye. In the rye-tobacco
rotation still employed, the mature crop, with or
without combining, is disked under to add or-
ganic material, and volunteer or reseeded
stands thereafter provide winter cover and
green manure before tobacco. After tobacco,
rye is seeded to provide winter cover and a rye
crop for the next year.

opposite page • bottom

1934

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) plot. The center
row is 100 percent affected with TMV by in-
oculation of seedlings prior to transplanting.

1943

Left to right: Dr. N. T. Nelson, Chief. Tobacco
Division, Ottawa; Dr. F. A. Stinson. Officer in
Charge. Delhi substation; and Mr. H. F. Murwin.
Superintendent. Experimental Farm, Harrow, at
an experimental curing unit.

ter. Mr. McPhee retired as President from
this company a few years ago.

Eddie Moore, B.S.A., was an assistant
to Mr. Stinson in 1936 and 1937. but was
appointed to succeed the late Oscar Wil-
liams as assistant at Harrow in 1937. Mr.
Moore resigned in 1943. returned to the
"new belt," and became the first registered
tobacco seed grower. Howard Horton was
hired by the Tobacco Division to succeed
Ken McPhee. He continued with the plant
sampling work for Ottawa and, as well.
studied soil sampling techniques and rapid
soil-testing procedures. He returned to
work and study at O.A.C. each fall. In
November 1940, after receiving his M.S. A..
Mr. Horton accepted a position with the
fertilizer industry, where he pursued a
successful career until his retirement.

Lea Vickery was employed as a student
assistant during the summer of 1937 and
returned to O.A.C. that fall for his senior
year. In 1938, he commenced duties as an
assistant at Delhi, where he remained, ex-
cept for his graduate work toward an MS
at Michigan State University in 1941-1942.
service with the R.C.A.F. from 1942 to
1945, and work transfer studies at North

Carolina State University at Raleigh in
1948 and 1949, until his retirement in
1975. Mr. Vickery started a tobacco seed
business in Delhi after retirement.

Art Willis was employed as a student
assistant during the summer of 1938 and
returned to O.A.C. that fall for his senior
year. In 1939. he became an assistant at
Delhi to Mr. Stinson. along with Messrs
Horton and Vickery. until December, when
he accepted a position with the soils de-
partment at O.A.C. Expertise in plant pa-
thology and entomology during these early
years was provided by staff of the Do-
minion Laboratory of Plant Pathology.
St. Catharines. Ontario, and of the Ento-
mology Laboratory. Chatham. Ontario.

Office and laboratory space was at a
premium in these early years. Originally,
the office consisted of a room partitioned
off in the packbarn. This was vacated
when the office was moved to a room of
the foreman s cottage in late 1934. The of-
fice consisted only of this one room until
1947 when the foreman vacated the cot-
tage. Meanwhile. Ken McPhee. and later
Howard Horton. used the room in the
packbarn as a summer laboratory for six
seasons Although electricity was available
at the substation in 1934. it was 1936 be-
fore a telephone on a party line could be
obtained for the office At that time the
party line had 13 customers, one of which

was seasonal to serve a retail outlet for
fresh peaches. Because the time available
for incoming and outgoing calls was
minimal, nearly all administrative com-
munication was done either by mail or by
telegram. A private line was installed for
the office in 1945.

Operational personnel employed in 1933
and 1934, namely Fred Moore and How-
ard Priester, remained at the substation
until 1944 and 1941, respectively. Carl
Priester, brother of Howard Priester, and
Jim Stanford also were employed during
1933 and 1934. Fred Moore was suc-
ceeded by Jim Stanford as foreman in
1944. The first record of office and clerical
staff is for August 1939, with the appoint-
ment of Alfred Judd as clerk. Other clerks
employed during this period were Gilman
Scofield, Vivian Wilbur, and Elizabeth
Stumpf.

The transfer of research results to grow-
ers during these early years was mainly
done by research personnel through per-
sonal interviews, meetings, press reports,
and farmers' bulletins. The extension
branch of the Ontario Department of Agri-
culture did not undertake to advise farmers
on tobacco production, but agricultural rep-
resentatives arranged grower meetings
from time to time with substation staff as
resource personnel. To handle farm visits
and extend the soil-testing service to
tobacco growers, O.A.C., through its
chemistry department, opened an office in
Tillsonburg during each growing season
beginning in the late 1930s. The first field-
man, Mr. R. J. Stallwood, liaised with farm-
ers, substation staff, and Peter Newell of
the Dominion Laboratory of Plant Patholo-
gy, St. Catharines, Ontario, who had sum-
mer quarters near Simcoe. Despite lack of
close contact, there was a productive and
harmonious relationship among the scien-
tists involved. In the off-season, Mr. Stall-
wood returned to the O.A.C., where he
served as a dean of residence during the
college year. When Mr. Stallwood enlisted
in the army in 1940, Bill Ewen continued
this work for several seasons during the
war years. After the war, no extension as-
sistance was available until 1955.

tent on the grounds, followed by a walking
tour of the plots. Since the mid-1950s this
event has expanded to include conducted
wagon tours, equipment and research
displays, and machinery demonstrations,
with addresses of speakers given in the
bush park. The bush park was developed
in the late 1940s and has been used to
date for this purpose. Serving lemonade to
guests has become traditional at all field
days.

Close cooperation existed among tobac-
co research personnel in Canada at this
time, and annual conferences convened by
Dr. N. T. Nelson, Chief, Tobacco Division,
Ottawa, were held to discuss programs,
results thereof, and upcoming research
plans. These conferences brought together
workers from Ottawa, Harrow, St. Cathar-
ines, and Delhi in Ontario; L'Assomption
and Farnham in Quebec; and Summerland
in British Columbia. After 1935, there was
also representation from the Entomology
Laboratory in Chatham.

An important aspect of the substation's
visibility with respect to flue-cured tobacco
growers was initiated on 2 August 1934
when 400 visitors attended the first field
day. This annual event now attracts as
many as 5000 visitors. In the early years,
field day addresses from invited speakers
were given either in the open or in a large

CHAPTER 3
Postwar years

1946-1961

Other than two cottages and their
accompanying garages built in 1947 and
1948. there was little addition to the
physical facilities in the immediate postwar
era. Although these cottages were built
originally as residences for the teamster
and farm foreman, respectively, they be-
came residences for the farm foreman and
research personnel after 1949. Until this
time, only frame buildings were con-
structed. In 1953, a one-storey brick build-
ing (9.1 x 18.2 m) was constructed to
provide offices for administrative, research,
and clerical personnel on the first floor and
laboratories in the basement. The cottage
previously used to provide an office and
living quarters was used for offices and
laboratories from 1949 to 1953, and as a
residence for research personnel from

1953 to 1960. In 1960, this cottage re-
verted to use for offices and laboratories to
overcome crowding in the main office after
the arrival of Ontario Department of Agri-
culture extension personnel in 1955. The
cottages built in 1947 and 1948 were used
as residences until 1965 and 1966, re-
spectively. From those dates until the
present they have provided office and lab-
oratory space for an entomologist and a
plant pathologist, respectively.

The original greenhouse built in the
winter of 1933-1934 was replaced in

1954 by a high-quality glass greenhouse
(9.75 x 65.8 m). An addition was made to
this greenhouse a few years later. A heat-

ed greenhouse (7.62 x 15.8 m) was also
built in 1954 and a similar unhealed green-
house (9.75 x 23.8 m) was constructed
alongside it in 1959. A headerhouse. built
in 1954. was extended for both green-
houses and beyond in 1961 and converted
to chemical laboratories the same year.

Two new kilns were built in 1954 to con-
duct forced-air curing studies in coopera-
tion with tobacco companies and the On-
tario Research Foundation, and additions
to the implement shed and workshop were
constructed in 1956. In 1958. a large ce-
ment block addition to the original pack-
barn was built to house controlled environ-
ment chambers, drying chambers, and
seed-cleaning equipment.

Cost increases continued to outpace
expansion of the substation's budget for
some time after the war's end, and urgent
research had to be curtailed. While he was
working with an experimental kiln, de-
veloped in 1943, Ford Stinson concluded
that progress in automation, and thereby
improvement in the curing process, de-
pended upon a clearer understanding of
the chemical and physiological changes
concurrent with maturation and curing. To
further his knowledge in this area, a trans-
fer of work was arranged to North Carolina
State University at Raleigh, where com-
prehensive research on curing was de-
veloping rapidly. The transfer, which was
initially for 1 year beginning in September
1946, was extended by 6 months through
March 1948. In 1947, meanwhile. Ron
Rudd joined the research staff to conduct

soil and fertility studies. Lea Vickery had
been Officer in Charge during this period
and. anxious to upgrade his own research
skills, arranged, on Ford Stinson s return,
for a work transfer to North Carolina Uni-
versity at Raleigh from late 1948 to June
1949. In 1949. Ford Stinson was granted a
Ph.D. in Agronomy (Soils) following
studies on the identification and quantita-
tive measurement of color components
during maturation and curing. Shortly
thereafter he accepted an appointment as
Professor and Head of the Soils Depart-
ment at O.A.C. In 1949. Lea Vickery was
again in charge of the substation, but this
time for a period of 26 years.

Within 2 years of his appointment at
O.A.C, Ford Stinson accepted a 4-year
contract as Director of Research for the
Tobacco Research Board of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland. This contract was extended
to 5 years, and on his return, in 1956.
Dr. Stinson took up farming near Perth.
Ontario. The following year. 1957. he was
again in contact with the tobacco industry
as manager of the fledgling Ontario Flue-
Cured Tobacco Growers Marketing Board
After a difficult but successful term, he re-
turned to farming for another 5 years. In
1962. he became head of the field crops
section of the Kemptville Agricultural
College, but within a few weeks was
appointed by the Ontario Minister of Agri-
culture as chairman of an Enquiry Com-
mittee on the flue-cured tobacco industry
of Ontario. The recommendations of this
committee did a great deal to stabilize the

Front view of office building opened in 1953

marketing system, and to emphasize the
need for escalated research on the crop.
At the conclusion of this enquiry, Dr. Stin-
son returned to teaching and became Prin-
cipal of the Kemptville Agricultural College
in 1966. Dr. Stinson served in this capacity
until his retirement in 1974.

Enlargement of the research staff began
again in 1949 with the appointments of Art
Rusnell and Ray Anderson to conduct soil
and agronomic studies. Ken Grant, after
receiving his M.S. A. from O.A.C., was
appointed in 1950 to conduct variety and
sucker control studies. Progress in staff
enlargement was severely curtailed in
1950 with the resignations of Messrs.
Rudd, Rusnell, and Anderson, and in 1953
with the resignation of Ken Grant, who left
to form his own fertilizer company. Initial
replacements for Messrs. Rudd, Rusnell,
and Anderson in 1951 were Jim Elliot and
Ken Walker, the former after obtaining his
M.S. A. from O.A.C. and the latter his M.S.
from Michigan State University. Mr. Walker
had previously been employed as a stu-
dent at the substation during the summers
of 1947 and 1948. Ed Birch joined the staff
in 1953, after obtaining his M.S. A. from
O.A.C, to conduct studies on indirect
fertilization and sucker control. Bob Bird
was appointed in 1955, after graduation
from O.A.C., to conduct studies on plant
breeding, but he resigned in 1957 to be-
come a high-school teacher. Mr. Birch also
resigned in 1961 for the same reason.
Bronius Povilaitis was appointed in 1957,
after receiving his Ph.D. from McGill Uni-
versity, to conduct studies on plant breed-

ing and cytology. At the end of 1961 the
research staff consisted of Messrs. Vick-
ery, Elliot, Walker, and Povilaitis.

Beginning in 1950, expanded programs
conducted by the research staff were
greatly enhanced by the hiring of technical
personnel. Elizabeth Back, an O.A.C. 1949
graduate, worked 6 months each year on
an hourly basis until 1954. At that time,
she was classified as a technician and
worked with Jim Elliot; her responsibilities
included conducting general chemical
analyses. Gus Paloots, who had graduated
from an Agricultural College in Estonia
before the war and spent several years at
a research station in Sweden prior to
emigration, was hired in 1951 to conduct
studies under the direction of the Officer in
Charge. He also worked on an hourly
basis until 1954 when he was classified as
a technician. Mr. Paloots was primarily in-
volved in variety testing and sucker control
studies and, with the resignations of per-
sonnel involved in plant breeding, provided
continuous staff involvement in this impor-
tant area until the arrival of Dr. Povilaitis.

Until 1952, clerical staff was limited to
one clerk. Don Lee served as clerk from
1947 to 1950 when he accepted the posi-
tion of office manager at Harrow. He sub-
sequently became administrative officer
there and retired in 1982. Floyd Thomas
succeeded Mr. Lee at Delhi in 1950. In
1952, the clerical staff included a typist.

left

Lea S. Vickery, Officer in Charge, 1949-1962;
Superintendent, 1962-1967; Director,
1967-1975

right

1947

Cockshutt transplanter, with Oscar Wright driv-
ing horses and Tom Curran planting on left.

top left

1960

Holland transplanter, with (left to right) Stan

Dickey, Oscar Robbins. and Leonard

Vaerewych

top right

1978

Holland transplanter, with Mary Soen planting
container-grown seedlings and Mike Sloot
driving. Some growers now produce seedlings
in containers.

right

Preparing plots of harvested leaves for curing,
1954. Left to right: Gus Paloots, technician,
stapling tag on lath; Shirley Carroll tying leaves
on lath; Alma Paloots and John Dickey handing
leaves for tying.

opposite page • top

Grading tobacco, 1957

Gus Paloots, technician, and Alma Paloots

weighing lots of graded leaves.

opposite page • bottom

Baling tobacco. 1957

Fred Howse preparing to bale press leaves for

market.

Several typists were hired during the
1946-1961 period, with most staying for
2-3 years: Muriel Cnockaert, who was
hired in 1959. stayed 11 years.

Operational staff was increased during
the 1946-1961 period, particularly in 1951
and 1952. Woodrow Wilson was foreman
in 1947, Harry Sinden from 1948 to 1950,
Scott Carroll from 1951 to 1955. Charles
Heffren from 1956 to 1959. and Pat
Murray from 1960 to 1961. Operational
employees with long tenure who started
during this period were Oscar Robbins.
Fred Howse. Stan Dickey. Orval Hyndman.
Henry Nettling, and Leonard Vaerewych.

Research projects undertaken from 1946
to 1952 included relationship of climate to
tobacco culture; fertilization of flue-cured
tobacco: topping and suckering: rotations,
rest crops, and cover crops: soil analysis:
organic matter treatments for tobacco
soils; breeding new strains of tobacco:
testing foreign and domestic flue-cured
varieties: tobacco curing: seed production,
and rye varieties. There were one or more
experiments in each of these projects. Re-
lease of the cultivar Delcrest. which was
black root rot tolerant, was a significant
development in this period Delcrest be-
came the most popular cultivar in the late
1940s and early 1950s.

The period from 1953 to 1961 saw im-
portant changes in the tobacco industry
and in the research programs conducted
by the substation. This period was signifi-
cant from the standpoint of equipment
development. Irrigation systems became
available in the early 1950s and an impor-
tant research program devoted to the de-
velopment of recommendations for op-
timum utilization of supplementary water
was initiated in 1953. Development studies
in storage pond construction were under-
taken in cooperation with the engineering
department at O.A.C. in 1956, and a plas-
tic-lined storage pond and shallow wells
for maintenance of water level were pro-

vided. Significant developments were
made in curing systems and kilns, and in
mechanical equipment to load kilns, tie
leaves on laths, and assist in priming.
The substation provided impetus to de-
velopments in kilns and curing systems
with comprehensive studies of forced-air
curing of tobacco from 1954 to 1956 in
cooperation with tobacco companies and
the Ontario Research Foundation. Kiln
structures were improved as a result of
studies showing the value of structural
features such as ridge ventilators, indirect
bottom ventilators, vestibule entrances,
and insulation for easier curing and fire
prevention. Initial feasibility studies on

forced-air curing, using a small experimen-
tal kiln, were conducted in the 1940s. This
work was greatly expanded with the coop-
erative studies in the mid-1950s, and with
studies in small, controlled environment
chambers starting in 1958. At the same
time, bulk curing, whereby densely packed
leaves, held in place by spikes, are cured
by means of high-volume forced air, was
developed by research workers in North
Carolina. Because of this significant de-
velopment in curing, the substation pur-
chased a commercial kiln from the USA for
testing purposes in 1961. This was the first
bulk kiln in Canada. About 40 percent of
the kilns in Canada today are the bulk
type, many of which have been designed
locally. Most of the others are either con-
ventional or low profile kilns equipped with
low-volume downdraft, forced-air systems
that were developed in Ontario during this
period, as also were mechanical tying
machines, kiln elevators, and priming aids.

The sudden and widespread appear-
ance in 1955 and again in 1956 of a
hitherto unfamiliar physiological leaf
disorder, termed weather fleck, caused
serious quality and yield losses and re-
sulted in great concern to the tobacco in-
dustry. Accordingly, a large-scale program
of identification, effect, and control was un-
dertaken by all research workers on the
substation in cooperation with others in the
federal departments of Agriculture, Nation-
al Health and Welfare, and Transport, and
in the Imperial Tobacco Company and
Ontario Research Foundation. Dr. F. D. H.
Macdowall of the Tobacco Division in Otta-
wa was Chairman of this joint program
conducted from 1957 to 1960. After 1960,
the joint program was abandoned but per-
tinent research was continued at Delhi and
other locations. Many of the chemical,
plant physiology, and meteorology studies
involved in the joint investigation were con-
ducted at an experimental site near Lake
Erie, because weather fleck intensified
with proximity to the lake. The leaf dis-
order was found to be oxidant-induced and
some control was achieved with tolerant
cultivars, judicious use of irrigation water,
variation in harvesting practices, and an-
tioxidant sprays. Because of potential resi-
due problems, however, no antioxidant
sprays have been recommended for use.

■ «.*■

**««*«**&

•--.-.

top

Late 1950s

Seedlings for transplanting being pulled by

hand.

bottom

1979

Seedlings for transplanting being pulled b
chine. Most seedlings are pulled by hand but
an increasing number of growers now use the
mechanical puller.

The period from 1953 to 1961 saw in-
creased knowledge and awareness of the
importance and interrelationship of chemi-
cal and physical characteristics to quality
At the same time, progress was made in
the development of equipment and meth-
odology for such analyses by the research
staff. There were also developments and
changes in methods of sucker control.
Mineral oil or oil-water emulsions and the
systemic material maleic hydrazide were
just coming into use in the early 1950s,
and the efficacy and influences of such
treatments on leaf composition and quality
were studied intensively. Fumigation of soil
was initiated to limit damage from the root-
lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans.
which caused a disorder previously known
as brown root rot. With the introduction of
black root rot tolerant lines. 2-year rye-
tobacco rotations were preferable to the
longer rotations of rye-rye-tobacco, and
rye and tobacco with other crops. The cul-
tivar. White Gold, introduced in the mid-
1950s, was superior to Delcrest and Hicks
Broadleaf in its tolerance for black root rot
and in quality and yield: this cultivar sub-
sequently fell into disfavor, however, as it
had little tolerance for weather fleck dam-
age. The development of direct fertilization
practices for tobacco and indirect fertiliza-
tion practices for rye received attention
during this period, and resulted in changes
in fertilizer ratios, muriate to sulfate of
potash ratios, and recommended fertiliza-
tion practices for rye to maintain optimum
fertility and organic matter levels. Nutrition
studies with grey tobacco initiated during
this period revealed the existence of an
association between the leaf disorder and
levels of pH and minor elements in the
soil.

The effective transfer of research pro-
gram results to growers was greatly en-
hanced in 1955 with the appointment by
the Ontario Department of Agriculture of
tobacco extension officers and clerical staff
who were to be located at the substation
There had been no extension officers
since the war. and earlier extension per-
sonnel had been physically separated from
the research staff. Milt Watson and Ted
Presant were the first of the newly
appointed extension officers Mr. Presant
resigned in 1956 to take graduate studies
and has been employed at the O.A.C.
since receiving his MSA. He was re-
placed by Glenn McCann in 1958. Norm
Sheidow joined Messrs. Watson and
McCann in 1960. The current extension
clerk. Wally Orth. has held this position
since 1961 Prior to the arrival of the ex-
tension officers, the research staff had
been responsible for both research and

extension and, beginning in 1952, exten-
sion responsibilities were increased by the
initiation of winter grower meetings. The
first two such meetings, one in 1952 and
one in 1953, attracted about 800 people to
each meeting. The meetings were so suc-
cessful that they were held more often and
at different locations in Ontario. The exten-
sion staff began to participate in these
meetings after 1956. Research personnel
still participate in them but the extension
officers assume the responsibility for orga-
nization and program. The extension offi-
cers also assume a leading role in all ex-
tension activities, including field day talks
and tours, farm problems, and radio broad-
casts.

Publication of research results in the
form of scientific papers in recognized, ref-
ereed journals became more of a require-
ment of research activities in the 1946-
1961 period than in the early years of the
substation. With minimal staff, large-scale
programs, and extension responsibilities,
there was less opportunity for the concen-
trated effort required for such means of
communication. In addition, methods of
analysis and modes of calculation and
compilation were so laborious and time-
consuming that output, by present stan-

top

1958

Plastic-lined irrigation pond with irrigation sys-
tem in operation. The pond was constructed
cooperatively with the University of Guelph in
1956. Water level is maintained from sand
points.

bottom

1959

Leaf with weather tleck. This oxidant-induced
disorder appeared suddenly in 1955 and was
the subject of a comprehensive interdisciplinary
and interdepartmental research program relative
to cause, effect, and control from 1957 to 1960.

left

Field day in 1938

Speeches were given in a large tent on the

grounds

right

Field day during the 1960s

Partial view of visitors in the bush park, listening

to speeches.

dards, was limited. As in early years The
Lighter continued to be one of the principal
vehicles for publication of research results
and reports, but more emphasis was di-
rected toward publication in fully refereed
journals such as the Canadian Journal of
Plant Science and Tobacco Science. Be-
cause of frequent staff changes during the
early part of the period, there was little
output of scientific papers until the mid-
1950s and only 10 such papers were pub-
lished by the end of 1961. Subjects in-
cluded relationship of fertilizer to quality
and yield, chemical composition of grades,
effects of maleic hydrazide on quality and
chemical composition of grades, effects of
sprinkler irrigation, effects of physical vari-
ables on rate of burn, effect of chlorine on
hygroscopicity, influence of irrigation on
weather fleck incidence, chemical control
of weather fleck, and effects of tempera-
ture in the yellowing phase of curing.
Seventeen papers were published in The
Lighter on such topics as soil building and
conservation, fertilization, frenching, grow-
ing tobacco without manure, sucker con-
trol, irrigation, soil types, curing, weather
fleck, and variety comparisons. Two pa-
pers on weather fleck were published, one
in Research for Farmers, and one in the
9th International Congress of Botany. Re-
search reports included one progress re-
port from 1946 to 1952 for the Dominion
Experimental Substation, and one for
1959-1960 within the progress report of
those years for the Harrow Research Sta-
tion. Results for the years 1953-1958
were included in annual reports of the
Director. Experimental Farms Service. Bul-
letins were published on tobacco kiln con-
struction, and tobacco soils and fertilizer
requirements. Many feature extension arti-
cles were written by the research staff and
published in grower-oriented magazines;

16 of these articles were prepared during
the 1946-1961 period. Extension officers
contributed 49 similar articles to these
magazines from 1956 to 1961.

Prior to 1946. there was frequent con-
tact among research workers in Canada
but relatively little among those in different
countries. In the late 1940s, a Tobacco
Workers Conference was initiated in the
USA to provide a forum for tobacco re-
search and to bring together research
workers from the USA and other countries
These conferences have been held 1 .5-2
years apart. Annual tobacco chemists'
conferences were organized shortly
thereafter. The Tobacco Science publica-
tion was an outgrowth of these confer-
ences. The conferences and associated
publications have, since inception, pro-
vided the principal means of contacting re-
search workers with similar interests and
of reaching, via publications, those most
interested in tobacco research. Research
workers at Delhi have contributed to these
conferences and this was recognized in
1956 with the first Tobacco Workers' Con-
ference held in Canada. Meanwhile, con-
tacts with tobacco research workers in
Canada were continued, although annual
conferences were discontinued in the
1950s, except for annual trips to Harrow
for seminar programs. Staff members also
were involved during this period with con-
ferences of the Agricultural Institute of
Canada and the American Society of
Agronomy, and the Director. Lea Vickery.
attended the First International Tobacco
Congress in France during 1956.

CHAPTER 4
Delhi Research Station

1962-1982

On 1 April 1962 the Delhi establishment
was designated as an experimental farm,
with Lea Vickery as Superintendent. Thus
a long, fruitful, and direct association with
Harrow Research Station and its superin-
tendents or directors and personnel there-
of was terminated. There had been ex-
cellent cooperation and rapport with Su-
perintendent, Herb Murwin, from 1933 to
1959, Director, Dr. Ward Koch, from 1959
to 1961, and all the research and adminis-
trative staff. Those personnel involved
most directly with the Delhi substation had
been Bob Haslam in plant breeding from
1933; Walter Scott in agronomy, curing,
and leaf analysis from 1933; Harry Stover
in plant pathology from 1947 to 1951 ;
Dr. Bill Mountain in plant pathology from
1951; Dr. Zenon Patrick in plant pathology
from 1952; and Don Lee in administration
from 1950.

In 1967, the Delhi Experimental Farm
became the Delhi Research Station, with
Lea Vickery as Director.

The land area of the station was in-
creased in 1965 with the purchase of an
adjoining 20 ha farm. Purchase of this
property added a set of farm buildings, in-
cluding cottage, packbarn, storage sheds,
and kilns, as well as a set of shallow wells
for irrigation. Although modifications were
made to the original cottage facilities dur-
ing the period 1962-1972, no significant
additions were made to the facilities until
1968. In 1962, the basement of the first
cottage on the station was modified to pro-

vide laboratory space for plant science and
plant breeding, while the first floor of the
cottage built in 1948 was modified in 1968
for use by a plant pathologist. The cottage
built in 1947 had been modified in 1965 for
use by an entomologist. In the meantime,
the library, which had been in the main of-
fice until 1967, was moved to the second
floor of the first cottage, then to the base-
ment of the plant pathology cottage in
1970. A programable calculator purchased
in 1968 was located in the library and a
larger one with printout capability was in-
stalled there in 1970. In 1970, the second
floor of the first cottage was modified to
accommodate these calculators, plus a
computer terminal for accessing the cen-
tral computing system in Ottawa; this sys-
tem was fully operational after 1977.

In 1968, a large building (18.3 x 42.7 m)
was constructed to house 150 curing
chambers. Parts for these chambers were
built by penitentiary inmates and then ship-
ped to Delhi for assembly. Each chamber
has a 15-lath capacity compared to the
1200-lath capacity of a conventional kiln,
and is equipped with immersion-type elec-
trical heaters for curing and subsequent
conditioning of small lots of tobacco. The
chambers permit adequate curing treat-
ment for tobaccos that cannot be satis-
factorily cured together in large con-
ventional kilns because of differences in
field treatment, maturity, or stalk position.
Extensions were added to this building in
1969 and 1972 to provide stripping, sort-
ing, conditioning, drying, and storage
rooms, and facilities for conditioning equip-
ment, a physical testing laboratory, and

offices. These extensions increased the
length of the building to 82.9 m. A heated,
compartmental, glass greenhouse
(7.5 x 30.5 m) was built in 1971 next to
the two greenhouses with attached chem-
ical laboratory that had been completed in
1961, and was attached at one end to the
previously constructed headerhouse labor-
atory. This greenhouse was built to pro-
vide isolation for entomology, plant
pathology, plant physiology, and nutrition
studies. In 1972, three additional green-
houses were built at other locations on the
station for general and specialized seed-
ling culture, plant pathology studies, and
comparison of different structures. These
additional greenhouses are standard glass
(7.6 x 30.5 m), fiberglass (7.6 x 30.5 m),
and double polyethylene-covered
(7.6 x 15.3 m) structures. In 1970, an in-
vestigative program on smoking and health
was initiated in cooperation with Health
and Welfare Canada. That department
provided much of the specialized laborato-
ry equipment required for the program
and, in 1975, a large steel-sided laboratory
building (15.3 x 36.5 m), in which to con-
duct the studies, was provided jointly by
Agriculture Canada and Health and Wel-
fare Canada. Two bulk kilns were built in
1972 and two more were built in 1973 to
provide facilities for the curing of chopped
whole plant for sheet, a study conducted in
cooperation with the Canadian Tobacco
Manufacturers' Council (CTMC) and
Engineering and Statistical Research In-
stitute of Agriculture Canada, and to in-
crease capacity for the curing of general

1968

Transplanting small seedlings into peat pot con-
tainers. Left to right: Bill Santo; Gord Webb;
Doug Rogers, technician; Gerald Webb; Henry
Nettling; Ted Docheff: and Dwain Ankersmit,
technician.

top

1972

Inspecting greenhouse-grown plants. Jim Elliot
.nd Dr. Nestor Rosa, research scientists.

bottom

1972

Inspecting peanut plots. Left to right: Milt Wat-
son, OMAF extension officer; Larry Scanlan,
technician; Jim Elliot, research scientist; and
Norm Sheidow, OMAF extension officer.

opposite page • left

1973

Bob VanParys, operations manager, hand

watering seedbeds in a polyethylene-covered

greenhouse.

opposite page • right

1978

Preparing plot tobacco for bulk rack curing. Left

to right: Henry Nettling, Bob VanParys, Mike

Norkus. Phyllis Meyer. Mary Soen, Madeline

Williams, and Sarah Williams.

"f^ifeJ

tobacco on the station. Another bulk kiln
was built in 1974 and a storage building
(7.6 x 5.3 m) was built in 1975. The last
two structures were provided by CTMC for
studies with chopped whole plant for
sheet.

The Director's cottage was vacated in
1975 and parts of the first floor were mod-
ified for use as a meeting room and a li-
brary reading room. Since 1965, the base-
ment of the entomology cottage had been
used as a meeting room; before that time,
meetings had been held in the library of
the main office. Facilities for personnel of

the Crop Insurance Commission of Ontario
were provided on the second floor of the
plant pathology cottage from 1975 to 1979
and on the second floor of the Director's
cottage after 1979. A specialist with the
Agricultural Energy Centre of Ontario was
provided with an office in the same loca-
tion in 1981. In 1980. the library in the
basement of the plant pathology cottage
was moved to the basement of the Direc-
tor's cottage, and. in 1982. the vacated
area was convened into a lunchroom for
research and administrative staff.

.i .*-

Beginning in 1977, some of the original
buildings on the 20-ha farm purchased in
1965 were modified to provide facilities for
personnel from the University of Guelph
who were conducting a research program
funded by Ontario Ministry of Agriculture
and Food and Agriculture Canada on pea-
nuts. This program terminated in 1980 and
a new crops program, including peanuts
and other crops, was added to the sta-
tion's program in 1981. Further modifica-
tion of the buildings on the new farm were
made and some of the old buildings, in-
cluding several kilns, the cottage, and a
greenhouse, were removed from the site.
In 1982, a plastic-lined storage pond was
constructed at the kiln site on the new
farm to supplement water storage for
irrigation provided by the first storage pond
built in 1956.

Other changes and additions were also
taking place on the original building site.
Two downdraft-type kilns were provided in
1978 and 1981 to upgrade the lath-curing
capacity for station tobacco, and to provide
curing facilities for the Delhi Engineering
Research Group (DERG), which came into
being as a cooperative program involving
Agriculture Canada, Ontario Flue-Cured
Tobacco Growers' Marketing Board
(OFCTGMB), and CTMC, whereby
OFCTGMB and CTMC were to fund the
program and Agriculture Canada was to
provide land and facilities. In 1978, DERG
built an experimental bulk kiln of con-
ventional capacity for the curing of bulk
bins and modified a bulk kiln built in 1974
for the same purpose. The latter kiln was

modified back for bulk rack curing in 1982.
Also in 1982, one of the bulk kilns built in
1973 that had three separate compart-
ments, each with a furnace, for use in cur-
ing chopped plant, was modified for con-
ventional bulk curing. At the same time,
one of the bulk kilns built in 1972 for the
curing of chopped plant was modified for
the drying of peanuts. In addition, a num-
ber of small bulk chambers of varying
capacity were built for research purposes
by the station and by DERG during the
1978-1982 period and were located in
close proximity to the other bulk kilns. A
maintenance service building
(15.3 x 22.9 m) was built in 1979 to pro-
vide facilities for DERG, maintenance per-
sonnel of the station, and a lunchroom for
operational personnel. In 1980, the old im-
plement shed and workshop, which had a
small lunchroom attached, was de-
molished, and a new implement shed
(15.3 x 48.8 m) was built to properly
house an increasing inventory, including
that of the DERG farm equipment. The pe-
riod from 1 977 to 1 982 also saw mod-
ifications to portions of the old packbarn
and its additions to provide laboratory
facilities and equipment for plant breeding
research and for plant pathology research
with blue mold.

Permanent Agriculture Canada staff
early in 1962 consisted of the Director,
three research scientists, two technical
personnel, two office and clerical per-
sonnel, and an operational staff of seven.
Permanent Ontario Ministry of Agriculture
and Food staff located on the substation

consisted of three extension officers and a
clerk. There were several part-time em-
ployees as well. In 1962, Frank White,
plant breeder with the Tobacco Division in
Ottawa, was transferred, along with his
breeding program for cigar filler and flue-
cured tobacco, to Delhi. Also in 1962, the
Tobacco Division was discontinued and
the research personnel were transferred to
either experimental farms or institutes. A
general need for intensification of the re-
search program on flue-cured tobacco was
becoming apparent at this time. Serious
and complex problems in areas such as
disease and insect control required atten-
tion. Knowledge of weather fleck and grey
tobacco, tobacco maturity and quality, and
related genetical and environmental factors
was unsatisfactory, and production factors
affecting flavor, aroma, texture, and mois-
ture equilibrium of tobacco had received
little study. The need for more research
and development in mechanization in
order to reduce labor costs was identified.
Much more information on the foregoing
subjects was considered essential to per-
mit adjustment to changing requirements
of manufacturers and consumers. As a

top

1978

Dr Bill Court, research scientist (left), and John

Hendel, technician, with liquid chromatography

equipment,

middle

1978

Ken Walker, research scientist (left), and Bruce

Reynolds, technician, with atomic absorption

spectrophotometer.

bottom

1978

Charles Caughill, technician, with gas chromato-

graph

opposite page • top left

1978

Brent Capell, technician, with pH meter

opposite page • top right

1978

Bob Pocs, technician, with Kjeldahl apparatus

opposite page • bottom left

1978

Dr. Bryan Zilkey, research scientist, classifying

weeds from herbicide plots.

opposite page • bottom right

1974

Inoculating plants in a black root rot nursery.
Frank White (left) and Dr. Radhey Pandeya,
research scientists.

1 Iks 1

v 1 1|R 1

^ « Inl 1 i^Sk I

BP^: " "r^iffl»^ ■-». i T ■ A >. ^ ' "^ "v \

result of these requirements for research,
staff additions in disciplines new to Delhi
began with the appointment of Tsung Lee,
plant physiologist, in 1962. Further addi-
tions occurred in 1965, 1966, 1967, and
1969 with the appointment of Sobhy
Gayed, plant pathologist; Nestor Rosa,
plant physiologist; Hsien-Hua Cheng, en-
tomologist; and Bryan Zilkey, plant phys-
iologist, respectively. Dr. Zilkey was
appointed to Dr. Lee's position, when he
was transferred to London Research In-
stitute in 1968. Prior to Dr. Gayed's
appointment, expertise in plant pathology
had been provided by the Dominion Labor-
atory of Plant Pathology, St. Catharines,

Ontario, before the war and by patholo-
gists located at Harrow Research Station
thereafter. However, pathologists at Har-
row until 1966 and at Vineland Research
Station thereafter continued to be involved
in nematode control studies with Jim Elliot.
Throughout the period up to Dr. Cheng's
arrival on the station, expertise in entomol-
ogy had been provided by the Entomology
Laboratory, Chatham, Ontario. Jack Begg
had been primarily responsible for such in-
vestigations since the early 1950s and,
with the closure of the Chatham Laborato-
ry in 1965, was slated for transfer to Delhi.
In fact, Mr. Begg spent a major part of
each summer on site during this period.

left

Dr. C. Frank Marks. Director, 1976-1981

right

Dr. P. Wade Johnson, Director, 1981-

He died in 1966. Radhey Pandeya, plant
breeder, and William Court, chemist,
joined the research staff in 1973. Dr. Pan-
deya replaced Dr. Povilaitis who retired in
1972. Dr. Court was required for the sta-
tion's expanding role in smoke chemistry
studies. Subsequent additions to the re-
search staff have been agricultural or
mechanical engineers hired by DERG and
Robert Roy hired as a biologist for the new
crops program. Three engineers were on
site for relatively short periods from 1978
to 1980. The current incumbent, Dennis
Stier, has been in the position since Sep-
tember 1980.

Toward the end of 1972, Ken Walker
was Acting Director during Lea Vickery's
absence on sick leave. Mr. Walker served
in that capacity again from December
1975 until July 1976, during which time Mr.
Vickery retired and Frank Marks arrived as
the new Director. Dr. Marks accepted the
position of Director, Harrow Research Sta-
tion, in 1981 and Jim Elliot served as Act-
ing Director during the period between the
transfer of Dr Marks and the arrival of the
present Director. Wade Johnson. Prior to
his appointment as director, Dr. Marks was
on the research staff at Vineland Research
Station, conducting nematology studies.
Dr. Johnson also did nematology studies
at Harrow and then at Vineland Research
Station prior to his appointment as Direc-
tor. In the early 1960s, Dr Johnson had
been employed for two summers as a
student assistant at the Delhi station

The technical staff was also increased in
1962 and succeeding years. Three tech-
nicians started in 1962 and 1963 but, ex-
cept for Jim Hay, plant science, they had
resigned by 1964. Mr. Hay resigned in
1971 and was replaced by Bruce Reynolds
in 1972. Eleven technicians started in the
1964-1968 period, with three being re-
placements for resignations. Among this
group, Dwain Ankersmit and Doug Rogers,
plant breeding; Chuck Caughill, plant phys-
iology; Dave Brown, plant pathology; Brent
Capell, plant physiology; and Jim Hanlon,
entomology, are still on staff. Another tech-
nician in this group, Tony Chiang, died in
1975, while Larry Scanlan resigned in
1977 to become area manager of the Crop
Insurance Commission of Ontario, which is
located on the station. Gus Paloots retired
in 1971 and, in addition to Mr. Reynolds,
nine technicians were hired thereafter to fill
either existing or new positions. One of
these technicians was a replacement for
Ms. Elizabeth Back, who died in 1978.
From this group of nine technicians, seven
are currently on staff, namely. Ron
Beyaert, Bob Pocs, Jackie Chipps. John
Hendel, Lalitha Krishniah. Susan Riach.
and Peter White.

The office staff consisting of Floyd
Thomas and Muriel Cnockaert in 1962.
was augmented in 1963 by a typist, when
Muriel Cnockaert became the Superinten-
dent's secretary. Accounting and person-
nel clerks and an office equipment opera-
tor were added later. Mr. Thomas, the
office manager, retired in 1973. and was
replaced by Arthur Strachan. Mr Strachan.
who transferred to Brandon Research

Station in 1974. was replaced by Eldon
Ashby. Mr. Ashby became an administra-
tive officer in 1978. Muriel Cnockaert re-
signed in 1967 but returned to the same
position in 1972 and 1973. In addition to
Muriel Cnockaert. there were several
secretaries with short tenure until 1978
The current Director's secretary. Carol
Size, started in 1973 as personnel clerk;
the current typist-receptionist. Anne
Schooley. started in 1975. Prior to 1975.
there were also a number of typists with
short tenure. Debbie Shearer replaced
Carol Size as personnel clerk in 1979.
Harold Winter, who became accounts clerk
in 1973, retired in 1982 and was replaced
by Joe Belliveau. Marg Fleming, who
started on a part-time basis in 1966 as a
calculator operator, has continued on this
basis with responsibility for the program-
able calculator and computer terminal
operation.

Operational personnel were also in-
creased after 1962 and there is a current
staff of 18 in this category. Until 1967. the
farm foreman was head of farm opera-
tions. Ned Wolfer was farm foreman in
1962. followed by Scott Carroll from 1963
to 1965. After that time, there were tempo-
rary incumbents in that position until 1967
In 1967. Robert VanParys. who started in
1965. became operations manager, and
Steve Sabo was appointed farm foreman.
Plotmen hired at this time were Mike
Norkus and Larry Wezse Mr. Norkus re-
tired in 1980 and was replaced by Gerald
Webb, who first started in 1964. Stan
Dickey was responsible for farm construc-
tion and maintenance from 1952 to 1982.

f c9 ■ i

top left

1978

Anne Schooley, typist-receptionist, and Eldon

Ashby, administrative officer

top right

1978

Carol Size, Director's secretary

bottom left

1978

Wally Orth, OMAF extension clerk, determining

pH and soluble salt levels of farmer's muck

sample.

bottom right

1978

Margaret Fleming, computer and terminal

operator

at which time he retired and was replaced
by Bill Owen. Maintenance staff had been
augmented in 1967 with the appointment
of Ted Docheff. Orval Hyndman was main-
ly responsible for the upkeep of grounds
from 1955 until his retirement in 1974.
Howard Caughill, who replaced Mr. Hynd-
man in 1974, retired in 1983. Current op-
erational personnel with long tenure, in ad-
dition to the foregoing, are Henry Nettling
from 1959, Carl Hyndman from 1966,
Gordon Webb from 1966, and Madeline
Williams from 1968. Oscar Robbins, who
started in 1949, retired in 1976. Fred
Howse, who started in 1951, died in 1975,
and Harry Almas, who started in 1966,
retired in 1982.

Tobacco extension officers of the Plant
Industry Branch of the Ontario Ministry of
Agriculture and Food (OMAF) located on
the station in 1962 were Milt Watson,
Glenn McCann, and Norm Sheidow.
Mr. McCann, who resigned in 1965 to ac-
cept a position with the fertilizer industry,
was replaced by Dave George. In 1968,
Mr. George transferred to Harrow Re-
search Station. After a few years at Har-
row, he transferred to OMAF Administra-
tion in Toronto. Another extension officer,
Les Frayne, with responsibilities for crops
other than tobacco, was located on the
station for a year thereafter. Currently,
Messrs. Watson and Sheidow look after
tobacco extension with some assistance
from specialists with the Agricultural Rep-
resentative Service in tobacco-growing

counties. In 1975, OMAF located an office
of the Crop Insurance Commission of On-
tario on the station with Frank Goodyear
as area manager. In 1977, Mr. Goodyear
was replaced by Larry Scanlan. Mike Co-
lumbus, an energy specialist from Agricul-
ture Energy Centre, OMAF, has also been
located on the station since 1981.

In 1962, the research program con-
cerned for the most part an interdis-
ciplinary approach to weather fleck control,
nutrition studies on potassium and grey
tobacco, nematode control, breeding for
disease resistance and development of va-
rieties, curing, maturity, and irrigation. Oth-
er than for some chemical control studies
in plant pathology and continued selection
for varietal tolerance, weather fleck studies
have been phased out. Other subjects on
the 1962 research program are still under
investigation, although there has been a
shift in emphasis. In soils and nutrition,
this shift has been to studies in nitrogen
fertilization, including effect of fumigation
for nematode control, side-dressing, soil
pH, and greenhouse fertilizers. Plant sci-
ence studies have emphasized seedling
production and other aspects of culture im-
portant for the attainment of optimum
maturity such as topping and spacing; suc-
ker control chemicals and techniques;
physical and chemical characteristics of
tobacco; frost control; mulches; post-cure
conditioning and storage of tobacco; cul-
ture, harvest, and curing of chopped whole
plant for sheet; ripening agents; and weed
control. Plant physiology studies have es-
calated in the areas of growth regulators,
chemical changes in curing, physiological
maturity, smoke analysis, uptake and
movement of pesticides in plants, and
greenhouse environment. The main em-
phasis in genetics and plant breeding has
continued to be the development of culti-
vars superior in disease resistance, qual-
ity, and yield, but techniques in this area
have become more sophisticated in order
to increase the range of variability for
selection and to speed up the process of
cultivar development. Examples of such
techniques are the use of mutagenic
agents and haploidy. Comprehensive
studies on synthetics, interspecific gene
transfer, hybrids, male sterile varieties,
breeding of pale yellow lines, path coeffi-
cient analysis, and mutagenesis have
been conducted or initiated, and increased
attention has been given to breeding for
optimum levels of chemical constituents
important with respect to quality, flavor,
and aroma.

Important cultivars released since 1962
have been Delcrest 66 in 1966, Delhi 34 in
1968, Delhi 76 in 1976, Nordel in 1979,
Delgold in 1980, and Newdel, Islangold,
and Windel in 1981. Islangold and Windel
were released for use in the Atlantic
tobacco-growing area. Delcrest, the first
significant varietal release from the Delhi
Station, was grown on a high percentage
of the hectarage in the late 1940s and ear-
ly 1950s. Thereafter, there was a gradual

increase in use of U.S. varieties, principal-
ly Hicks Broadleaf and NC2326. Release
of Delcrest 66, an improved Delcrest, in
1966 did little to reverse this trend, but a
significant switch to Delhi 34 occurred in
the late 1960s and early 1970s. From
1972 onward, a significant shift to U.S.
varieties, principally Virginia 115, reoccur-
red. Virginia 115 continued to be the major
variety grown until 1980 but releases of
Delhi 76 and Nordel resulted in an increas-
ing proportion of Canadian varieties. With
the release of Delgold in 1980 and Newdel
in 1981, there has been a pronounced
shift to Canadian varieties, principally
Delgold, and Canadian varieties comprised
about 80 percent of the 1982 crop in Onta-
rio and Quebec. Islangold, which has be-
come the most popular variety in the Mari-
time Provinces, represented about 80 per-
cent of the crop there in 1982.

Following a serious outbreak of blue
mold in 1979, there has been increased
emphasis on breeding for resistance to
this disease. Protection against blue mold
has also been the most important aspect
of plant pathology research since that
time, but protection against black root rot
and various fungal and bacterial diseases
in greenhouse and field and in curing have
received increasing attention as well.
Entomology research on control of specific
insects such as cutworms, hornworms,
seed corn maggots, and wireworms has
extended into studies of population dynam-
ics and forecasts of treatment require-
ments. At the same time, there has been
an increase in efficacy studies, with new
materials replacing older ones that have
been discontinued because of degree of
persistence in the soil, residue levels in
leaves, or toxicity. Increasing attention has
been given since 1962 by all disciplines to
residue levels of pesticides in order to con-
form with West German tolerances. Smoke
preference studies of tobacco treated with
experimental pesticides or growth regula-
tors have been conducted on an annual
basis since 1962 in cooperation with the
domestic tobacco companies. Research on
chemical and physical characteristics of
tobacco has been increasing since 1962.
This work has involved either the develop-
ment of equipment, methods, or tech-
niques for measurement or the utilization
of established methods to determine rela-
tionships among chemical and physical
characteristics and quality factors in the
leaves or smoke therefrom. Studies of
smoke chemistry have primarily concerned
tar and nicotine and ratios thereof in the
particulate phase, and levels of other com-
pounds in the particulate and gaseous
phases that may also be important with

opposite page • top left

1978

Mechanical harvester

opposite page • top right

1978

Left to right: Serge Loyer, Jay Antoszek, and
Cyril VanLent moving bin with charger to the
harvester for loading.

opposite page • middle left

1978

Loaded bin being oriented to curing position.

opposite page • middle right

1978

Jay Antoszek moving bin to kiln.

opposite page • bottom left

1978
Bins in kiln

opposite page • bottom right

1978

Left to right: Dr. C. Frank Marks, Director, and
Ron Minshall, DERG engineer, observing bins
being unloaded after curing by Glen Beyaert
and Jay Antoszek, and leaves being baled by
Cyril and Margaret VanLent.

left

Plant protection staff, 1978
Left to right: Dr. Hsien-Hua Cheng, research
scientist, entomology; Dave Brown, technician,
plant pathology; Dr. Sobhy Gayed, research
scientist, plant pathology; and Jim Hanlon,
technician, entomology.

right

1980

Bruce Reynolds, technician, examining an

experimental cure in a bulk-rack chamber.

respect to potential carcinogenicity, flavor,
and aroma.

In addition to the foregoing changes in
existing programs, new programs were
initiated on engineering research in 1978
and on new crops in 1981. The pace of
mechanization changes in the industry be-
gun in the 1950s, continued in the 1960s
and 1970s, but research support was frag-
mented in the form of demonstration-type
studies by tobacco companies, develop-
ments by industry in Canada and the USA.
and some assistance from the Engineering
and Statistical Research Institute of Agri-
culture Canada. Impetus for a coordinated
approach to engineering research came
with escalating energy costs, and the
necessary vehicle for such research, on
site, was finally realized in 1978 with the
formation of DERG, a cooperative venture
of Agriculture Canada with tobacco grow-
ers and buyers. Despite difficulties in an
initial 3-year term, particularly with continu-
ity of personnel, the program has been
successful, and was extended in 1981 for
another 5-year period. DERG has not only
been important in adding another dimen-
sion to the research program, but has pro-
ven to be a successful forum for industry
approach as a whole to serious problems
and to research needs. The new crops
program was initiated in 1981 to continue
on-site studies conducted by station staff
and by researchers from the University of

Guelph for several years with peanuts and
other crops that have potential on the
large hectarage of sandy soils that are not
being used for tobacco, vegetables, and
fruit.

With the expansion of research staff
since 1962 there has been a pronounced
increase in the publication of research re-
sults as scientific papers. Increases in sup-
port staff of technical, administrative, and
operational categories, as well as im-
provements in technology, have greatly
facilitated such means of communication.
From 1962 to 1981. 150 scientific papers
on station programs and 250 miscel-
laneous publications were published. From
1972 to 1981, miscellaneous publications
included 47 articles for tobacco editions of
newspapers or committee reports that
were not categorized as publications after
1980. Principal journals for publication of
research papers in decreasing order of
numbers published have been Tobacco
Science, Canadian Journal of Plant Sci-
ence. Canadian Entomologist. Canadian
Journal of Genetics and Cytology. Cana-
dian Journal of Botany. Canadian Journal
of Soil Science. Physiologia Plantarum.
Journal of Chromatography. Phytopatholo-
gy. Plant Physiology, and Peanut Science
The departmental publication. The Lighter.
continued to be the principal means of
communicating technical information to the
tobacco industry here and abroad During
the period 1962-1981. 98 papers, reports,
or articles were published in The Lighter
During the same period. 40 feature exten-

top left

1981

Dennis Stier, DERG engineer, observing whole
plant harvest with a modified corn-forage
harvester. Chopped leaves and stalks were
cured in specially designed boxes for industrial
processing into homogenized sheet.

top right

Peanut production, 1981

Bob Roy, biologist, shelling nuts in a plot

sheller.

bottom

Peanut production, 1981

Peter White, technician, working on an

experimental peanut harvester.

sion articles by the research staff and
about 200 similar articles by the extension
officers of OMAF were published in tobac-
co-grower magazines. In addition to the
foregoing research and miscellaneous
publications, research results have been
included, usually on an annual basis, in
Research Branch reports.

Besides the established programs under
way on the station, research personnel
have been called upon for assistance in

the tobacco-growing areas of Quebec and
the Maritime Provinces, and in foreign
countries. Lea Vickery has made trips
abroad, before and after retirement, to
several countries in Asia and Africa, and
Jim Elliot visited Jamaica under the aus-
pices of the Department of External Affairs
in 1967. Mr. Vickery also attended in-
ternational tobacco congresses overseas
on several occasions, and participated with
other government personnel, as well as
elected officials, buyers, and growers,

top

1981

Dennis Stier. DERG engineer, with large bale

box and hydraulic press for bale information

bottom

1981

Left to right Ken Walker, research scientist:
Norm Sheidow. OMAF extension officer: and
Dr. Wade Johnson. Director, observing experi-
mental bales in an auction exchange of the On-
tario Flue-Cured Tobacco Growers Marketing
Board.

in several trade missions overseas.
Dr. Marks participated in two such trade
missions during his tenure as Director, and
Dr. Johnson has participated in one since
he became Director in 1981. Dr. Marks
has attended two international tobacco
congresses and together with Mr. Walker
visited tobacco research establishments in
Japan in 1979. In 1979. Dr. Marks also
went to Australia on a fact-finding mission
concerning blue mold. He was accompa-
nied by Messrs. Watson and Sheidow
Australian tobacco growers in Victoria
who financed a visit by Dr. Gayed in 1983
to obtain advice on black root rot control,
have recently requested another visit.

In addition to visits abroad, many fact-
finding visits are made to the USA. and
many official scientific delegations are
received on the station. During the past 10
years, there have been 15 such delega-
tions, including the Peoples Republic of
China, to study Canadian tobacco technol-
ogy developed at Delhi. Every year, parti-
cularly in the summer months, there are
numerous unofficial groups of scientists
and or growers from tobacco-growing
countries in Africa. Asia. Eastern and
Western Europe. South America. Aus-
tralasia and Oceania, and from the USA
and Central America Several graduate
students from foreign countries have done
their field and laboratory research for high-
er degrees at Delhi, and technical training
has been provided for graduate students
from several countries for periods up to
2 years.

Mr. Elliot advises tobacco growers in the
Maritime Provinces on a regular basis and
makes several trips each year for that pur-
pose. Messrs. Pandeya, Walker, Gayed,
and White have also been involved in such
trips, although less frequently, usually
either as invited speakers at grower meet-
ings or in connection with variety trials.
Messrs. Elliot, Walker, and Gayed have
also been involved for several years with
grower meetings in Quebec. Most re-
search staff members have been involved
with up to nine grower meetings a year in
Ontario, although the extension officers
are mainly responsible for program. In re-
cent years, plant breeders Messrs. White
and Pandeya have made several trips to
Honduras for seed propagation in order to
speed up variety release. Messrs. Walker,
Rosa, and Stier, together with the exten-
sion officers from OMAF, have conducted
about eight all-day curing schools a year
for growers in recent years and the re-
search staff members give lectures each
year to agricultural students of Fanshawe
College.

Formal meetings of tobacco workers in
Canada, held annually during the early
years of the station, became less frequent
during the 1962-1982 period. However,
there was an increase during this period in
international contacts due to the continual
participation by the research staff in the
Tobacco Workers' and Tobacco Chemists'
conferences. Other conferences of special
interest on genetics, entomology, plant pa-
thology, plant physiology, and chemistry
have been attended less frequently. In

1973, the 25th Tobacco Workers' Con-
ference was held in Canada. This was the
second such conference to be held here.
During the period 1962-1982, the Tobacco
Chemists' Conference was held twice in
Canada.

The transfer of results to growers via
personal contact, meetings, articles, in-
formation bulletins, and other means has
always been a major activity of the re-
search staff. Since the location of OMAF
extension officers at the station in the mid-
1950s, the percentage of time spent on
this activity has declined considerably. At
the same time, however, there has been
an increase in the scope and complexity of
extension and the extension officers are
less able now than formerly to handle all
such activities. Annual field days became
more sophisticated in the 1960s, and
equipment displays, machinery demonstra-
tions, and research displays were initiated.
For many years, field days were 2-day
rather than 1-day events. Wagon tours at
these events began in the 1960s and have
increased in popularity. Tobacco trade
fairs are an innovation of the tobacco in-
dustry; these events are usually held an-
nually and the station always participates
with a research display. Recently, the sta-
tion has become involved with displays
and equipment for the Ontario Tobacco
Museum in Delhi.

Staff of Delhi Research Station, January 1983
Left to right:

Back row: Norm Sheidow (OMAF), Ron
Beyaert, Steve Sabo, Ken Walker, Dave Brown,
Bob Pocs, Doug Rogers, Jim Elliot, Dennis Stier
(DERG), Lome Boyd (DERG), Bruce Reynolds,
Larry Wezse, Brent Capell, Chuck Caughill,
Richard Muth, Bob Roy, and Dave Husul
Third row: Randy Marshall, Bill Owen, Radhey
Pandeya, Sailen Mishra, Bill Court, Hsien-Hua
Cheng, Milt Watson (OMAF), Jim Hanlon,
Ted Docheff, Howard Caughill, Bob VanParys,
Jerome Sobry, Peter White, Bob Compeau, and
Carl Hyndman

Second row: Henry Nettling, Mike Dertinger,
Mike Gubesch, Joe Belliveau, Wally Orth
(OMAF), Sobhy Gayed, Wade Johnson, Eldon
Ashby, Bryan Zilkey, Dwain Ankersmit, Gerald
Webb, Joe Clapdorp (DERG), Nestor Rosa, and
Gordon Webb

Front row: Debbie Shearer, Lalitha Krishniah,
Jackie Chipps, Susan Riach, Debbie Ramer,
Madeline Williams, Margaret Fleming, Anne
Schooley, Mary Soen, and Carol Size
Absent: John Hendel

Appendix

Permanent staff who have worked for at least one year at the Delhi Research Station.

Agriculture Canada

Directors Office and Clerical Staff

G L. Haslam. 'B.S.A.

1933-1935

A W. Judd

1939-1940

F A Stinson. Ph.D.

1935-1949

G H. Scofield

1940-1941

L. S. Vickery, M.S.

1949-1975

V M. Wilbur

1941-1942

C F. Marks. Ph.D.

1976-1981

E Stumpf

1942-1946

P. W. Johnson, Ph.D.

1981-

H Novakowski

1946-1947

D H. Lee

1947-1950

Professional Staff

F. E. Thomas

1950-1973

J Saunders

1952-1955

K G. McPhee, MSA.

1935-1937

E Frew

1955-1957

E S. Moore. B.S.A.

1936-1937

H Kora

1957-1959

H A. Horton. MSA

1937-1940

M Cnockaert

1959-1967

A. L. Willis, M.S.A.

1938-1939

1972-1973

L S. Vickery, M.S.

1938-1949

M Grant

1963-1966

R. B. Rudd, MSA.

1947-1950

M Fleming

1966-

A. R. Rusnell, B.S.A

1949-1950

D M. Marosevich

1966-1968

R R. Anderson. B.S.A.

1949-1950

M A. Baker

1968-1972

K T. Grant, M.S.A.

1950-1953

E. G. Ashby

1968-1972

J. M Elliot, M.S.A.

1951-

1975-1978

E. K. Walker, M.S.

1951-

A Clements

1969-1972

E C. Birch, M.S.A.

1953-1961

A VanPuymbroeck

1972-1973

R. J. Bird. B.S.A.

1955-1957

F. Gagnon

1972-1974

B. Povilaitis, Ph.D.

1957-1972

C S. Size

1973-

T T. Lee, Ph.D.

1962-1968

A W. Strachan

1973-1974

F H. White, M.Sc.

1962-1981

P Dumoulin

1973-1975

S. K. Gayed, Ph.D.

1965-

H. A. Winter

1973-1982

N. Rosa, Ph.D.

1966-

D Luciani

1974-1975

H. H. Cheng, Ph.D.

1967-

A M. Schooley

1975-

B. F. Zilkey, Ph.D.

1969-

J, Fry

1976-1978

R S. Pandeya, Ph.D.

1973-

D A. Shearer

1979-

W A. Court, Ph.D.

1973-

J. L. Belliveau

1982-

R C. Roy, M.S.A.

1981-

Technical Staff

Administrative Officer

G Paloots

1951-1971

E. G. Ashby

1978-

M E. Back. -B.S.A.

1951-1978

J. A. Hay

1962-1971

A Couture

1962-1963

L. Chanyi

1963-1964

W. A. Taylor

1964-1966

W D. Rogers

1964-

J C. D. Ankersmit

1964-

T. L. Gill

1965-1966

M D. Hyde

1966-1968

C. W. H. Caughill

1966-

D. A. Brown

1967-

B. B. Capell

1967-

J J. Hanlon

1967-

H. C. Chiang*

1968-1975

L G. Scanlan

1968-1977

L. B. Reynolds. B.S A

1972-

J G. Hendel. B Sc.

1974-

T. E Dertinger

1977-1979

R. P. Beyaert

1978-

S Moore. B.Sc.

1980-1981

R Pocs

1980-

P H. White. B.S A.

1981-

S M Riach. B.Sc

1981-

L Krishniah. B.Sc.

1982-

J W Chipps

1982-

Operational Staff

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food
a) Plant Industry Branch

F. J. Moore

1934-1944

H. Priester

1934-1941

Extension Officers

C. Priester

1936-1941

J. D. Stanford

1 944-1 946

M. C. Watson, B.S.A.

1955-

W. Wilson

1946-1949

E. W. Presant, M.S.A.

1 955-1 956

T. P. Curran

1 947-1 950

G. E. McCann, M.S.A.

1958-1965

0. W. Wright

1947-1948

N. W. Sheidow, B.Sc.(Agr.)

1960-

H. L Sinden

1948-1950

D B. George, B.Sc.

1965-1968

F. T. Forsyth

1949-1950

L I. Frayne, B.S.A.

1969-1970

0. E. Robbins

1949-1952

1954-1976

Office and Clerical Staff

F. D. Howse*

1951-1975

S. T. Dickey

1 952-1 982

M. Dunn

1957-1958

W. S. Armstrong

1952-1956

A. Paquette

1958-1961

L. Vaerewyck

1 952-1 964

J. W. Orth

1961-

S. Carroll

1951-1955

1963-1965

b) Ontario Crop Insurance

Commission

C. A. Heffren*

1954-1959

G. L. Lee

1954-1958

Area Manager

H. Nauts

1955-1956

0. Hyndman

1955-1974

F. Goodyear

1975-1977

P. J. Murray

1959-1962

L. G. Scanlan

1977-

H. Nettling

1959-

1. Wolfer

1961-1962

Office and Clerical Staff

R. H. Davidson

1962-1966

E. Newton*

1963-1966

B. Farkas

1975-1978

A. Cnockaert

1964-1967

J. Kuchar

1978-1981

G. L. Webb

1964-

D. Luciani

1981-

H. R. VanParys

1965-

E. J. Douma

1965-1966

c) Agricultural Energy Centre

L. S. Armstrong

1965-1966

H. J. Marion

1 965-1 968

Energy Specialist

C. L. Hyndman

1966-

W. G. Webb

1966-

M. J. Columbus, B.Sc.(Agr.)

1981-

J. H. Almas

1 966-1 982

S. Sabo

1967-

Delhi Engineering Research Group

M. Norkus

1967-1980

T. C. Docheff

1967-

Research Engineers

B. Emre*

1967-1976

L. A. Wezse

1968-

R. Minshall, B.Sc.(Eng.)

1978

D. Wiedrick

1 968-1 973

J. Dertinger, B.Sc.(Eng.)

1979

M. K. Williams

1968-

D. A. Stier, B.Sc.(Eng.)

1980-

V. T. VanVlierberghe*

1974-1981

H. R. Caughill

1974-1983

Engineering Support Staff

D. W. Husul

1977-

M. L Soen

1979-

C. VanLent*

1978-1980

J. A. Sobry

1980-

M. VanLent

1978-1979

M. L. Saunders

1981-1982

J. Antoszek

1978-1979

J. R. M. Gubesch

1981-

J. Clapdorp

1979-

R. J. Muth

1981-

L. A. Boyd

1979-

W. A. Owen

1982-

T. Sabo

1979-

"Deceased

Canada

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